Traditional tools
Gouges and specialised engraving tools used to carve wood precisely.
Other printmaking techniques
The ancient art of woodcut
Discover the printmaking technique that transformed printing from the sixth century onwards
Woodcut – Technical Overview
Woodcut is a relief printmaking technique in which the image is carved into a wooden block. Originating in Asia, it is one of the oldest printing methods.
An ancient technique
An art that has remained largely unchanged since its origins.
Main materials
- Wood: traditionally cherry, pear or boxwood (for fine-line work), or plywood (for more expressive styles).
- Gouges or engraving tools for carving wood.
- Letterpress or relief-printing ink.
- Roller (brayer) for applying ink.
- Paper: dry or slightly damp, depending on the technique.
- Hand press or rubbing tool (baren) for printing.
Step-by-step process
Preparing the block
A flat, smooth wooden board is selected.
Drawing
The artist draws the image directly on the wood or transfers it by tracing (remembering that the print will be reversed).
Carving
Gouges remove the areas that are not to print. Only the raised surfaces receive ink.
Inking
A roller applies ink only to the raised surfaces.
Printing
Paper is placed over the inked block and pressed by hand or in a press. The ink transfers from wood to paper.
Visual characteristics
- Bold, graphic lines with strong contrast.
- Visible wood-grain texture, especially in expressive carving.
- Commonly used in popular prints, illustrated books and contemporary art.
Historical notes
- Used in China from the sixth century onwards.
- Very popular in Europe during the Renaissance (Dürer) and in Japan during the Edo period (ukiyo-e: Hokusai, Hiroshige).
- Revived by modern movements such as German Expressionism (Die Brücke).
